Facility Planning Part I

Office Planning-Part l When making arrangements to construct or revamp a heath care office there are a great deal of things that must be thought about. The principal thing to begin with is the network. The organizer must assess the network to discover what sort of network the office is situated in and if the office is serving the requirements of the network. This paper will investigate a network in on the south side of Chicago and the new improvement of a drawn out consideration office in the network. It will talk about the community’s requirement for the drawn out consideration office. It will examine the sort of populace the drawn out consideration office serves. It will likewise give a portrayal of the drawn out consideration office serving the more established grown-ups in the network. Roseland is a huge network situated on the south side of Chicago, Illinois. It is a blended network everything being equal and ages. For the more established grown-ups it's anything but a network for them to live alone in. The people group is thriving with adolescents and with the young people came an ascent in wrongdoing. Medications and brutality is running quick, be that as it may, the more established grown-ups don’t need to leave their homes, their locale, their known environmental factors. Likewise influencing the network is the economy. With property charges and the average cost for basic items on the ascent, it is a battle for the more seasoned grown-ups to keep up their independents. With these things coming against the maturing grown-ups, there came the need to put the maturing grown-ups some spot protected and moderate without removed them from the network. This need lead to the advancement of a strong living network. There are in excess of 60 long haul care choices. These administrations are isolated into nine classifications. Strong living, likewise called helped living, falls under the Housing classification. Autonomous lodging, proceeding with care retirement network, and gathering lodging likewise falls under the Housing classification of long haul care choices. Steady living administrations were particularly created for more established grown-ups who can't work without assistance and subsequently can't be aided a private consideration or retirement-living office. The expense for living in a steady living network expenses can go somewhere in the range of $2,000 and $2,000, contingent upon the room size and pleasantries. There is an extra charge for clinical administrations. This is the ideal help for more established grown-ups who need help however don’t require 24 hour checking or help. It is likewise ideal for the more seasoned grown-up who can’t stand to live on their own in view of the average cost for basic items. Triumph Center of Roseland is a Supportive Living Community by Pathway Senior Living. Triumph Center of Roseland is for those needing some help with the exercises of day by day living. This office has private studios with an inhabitant call framework and a stage in shower. The staff gives three day by day dinners, prescription administration, housekeeping and clothing week after week, health programs, planned excursions and exercises, routine upkeep, all utilities aside from telephone, link, and web, parlor with chimney, library, a lounge area for family and private get-togethers, yard garden with porch, network live with 50† TV, create stay with showing kitchen, magnificence/hair salon, and a bathtique with whirlpool. It is additionally pet cordial. Making arrangements to revamp or construct an office takes a great deal of work and arranging. One of the primary contemplations is to investigate the network and the requirements of the individuals in the network. On the south side of Chicago, Illinois the Roseland people group wanted to build up a strong living for the more established grown-ups who live there. Out of this need came the improvement of Victory Center of Roseland. Created by Pathway Senior Living, this office gives a protected, reasonable spot for the more seasoned grown-ups to dwell without living their locale. This office offers the solace of home alongside giving friendship and the security of 24-hour staffing, or help with life’s day by day assignments. This people group has everything a more seasoned grown-up requirements to appreciate every day of their life without limit. It is strategically placed close to shopping, clinical workplaces, and transportation. This park-like ground, serenely outfitted network gives a safe house from the rushing about of the city in the city.

Outline For Jules Verne Speech Essays - Jules Verne,

Blueprint For Jule's Verne Speech Diagram 1. Enticement An excursion to the focal point of the earth From the Earth to the moon Twenty thousand groups under the ocean Around the globe in eighty days are only a couple of titles, this are simply s hardly any instances of the incredible brave, logical and creative books Jules Verne composed. 2. Reason Today I might want to advise you about this extraordinary man, Jules Verne, this virtuoso think about the Father of Science Fiction. 3. Proposition Jules Verne was is still know as an incredible creator, a researcher and a balanced man 4. Progress to body of the discourse So to begin we can go profoundly on a portion of these parts of his life. 5. Body a) Jules Gabriel Verne was conceived in 1828, in Nates, France. He was an audacious youngster. He fled once as a kid, when he was eleven years of age to be accurate; and happened upon a little kid who was crying. The kid said he needed to leave his family on a boat, yet he would not like to, so for a little whole the kid consented to let Jules have his spot. He thought he would have an undertaking yet his dad found the boat before it got much of anywhere and took Jules home to rebuff him. Jules said that after that he would just go in his creative mind, and he positively did. Discourse and Communications

Essay-M

Essay-M You know, a while ago, Mitra did an entry on how to write a winning MIT application essay. I figure its getting to be around crunch time for you regular applicants to start writing your essays for all of your colleges, so I thought Id offer you a little advice of my own. More specifically, Im going to lead by example by posting some of my own writing. Also, Ive gotten comments from high school juniors and sophomores, so I know that not every single person who reads this blog is necessarily applying to MIT this year. In this vein, I thought Id post some of my old writing samples so you can gauge your own level of writing against mine. As luck would have it, my high school made us submit a district writing sample each year to make sure our writing skills were progressing adequately. They filed all of them in one big blue folder, with no indication that any of them had ever been read, and kind of arbitrarily gave them back to us upon our graduation. While being nostalgic this evening, I rediscovered all of them in my closet. So, here goes. I wrote this first one in fifth grade about my future aspirations. Now, you cant argue about the first sentence coming true, and the last one still more or less applies, but the rest has changed, uh, quite a bit since I wrote it. Id say that your application essay for MIT should probably use a little more varied sentence structurenotice how pretty much every single sentence begins with I. Theres nothing else as wonderful as I when youre describing yourself in an application essay, but some coordinating conjunctions and prepositional phrases are always nice too. When I Grow Up When I grow up, I will get good schooling. I will go to college for six years, get my Masters Degree, and become a teacher. Ill go to Penn State. I hope to have an A average. I will move to Washington, D.C., probably in my early twenties, and buy a normal, two-story house. I will be humble. Everybody says they will be a billionare [sic], but not me. I will also not use drugs. I may not even buy a car. If I do, it will probably be a Saturn, preferrably [sic] red. My job will be a teacher. I will go to meetings to learn how to be a better teacher. I will relate life to teaching to help the kids. I will make an average salary and probably not earn much extra money on the side. I will buy a great dane, and call him Buffalo. I will marry around thirty. My wife will probably the same age as me [sic]. I will tell her she may have any job she wants. It really doesnt matter if we have kids, although Id like a boy. Ill do a lot of cooking to save her the trouble. I might get a weekend cooking show for a month or so. It will be the only extra money I earn. I will be like Graham Kerr. I will cook only main dishes. This is what I plan to do when I grow up. I will be very humble, but I dont care. To me, money isnt needed. I just want to be happy Heres what I submitted in third grade. This one is in the most hilarious cursive you have ever seen. I honestly dont even remember how to write in cursive anymore, and dont know how I managed it from third through sixth grade. If they made you write college applications in cursive, I would probably be a starving artist right now. The prompt for this essay was to write a letter to your mother. Now, Im not really in the know, but I think Marilee Jones would be quite pleased if you used that as an essay prompt. Shes of the compassionate sort. Heres what Sams Mom received over ten years ago: Dear Mom, On Mothers Day I plan to cook you dinner after coming home early. Then Ill give you flowers and 2 more presents. Ill use the money from my own bank. I dont know what your favorite dinner is, so Ill just cook PB+J. NOT! I liked it when we went to Niagara Falls. Are you going to take me to New York this year? If you do, Id love to drop a penny off the Empire State Buildings roof! It would be fun to go somewhere on a plane. How about Colorado? Japan might be nice. Or maybe just the seashore again. Sincerely, Sam I kind of regret not ending this letter to my mother Love, Sam. But what can you do? For those interested, Sams Mom took me to New York for the first time four years later to see Lucy Lawless in Grease. I didnt get on a plane for the first time until two years after that. Boy, did I have some imagination which, as it turns out, is the central theme of this next piece from second grade: Behind the Couch I like to go behind the couch. It is comfortable and very dusty. I like that. When I go back there I could be mad. If Im mad, Ill smack my stuffed animals. I could be sad. If Im sad Ill cry. or I might go back there to hug my animals. I imagine things. It is so good for imagining behind the couch. I sneeze behind the couch. It is so dusty behind the couch. Well, I guess I covered why I like it. This is not my most impressive writing sample from the second grade; Sams Mom has always been dazzled by a poem in which I used the word azure. She thought it was because I was really advanced for my age, but actually its just because I saw it while playing Sonic the Hedgehog 3 (theres a level called Azure Lake). The moral of the story is to let your children play Sonic the Hedgehog 3 if you want them to stand any chance of getting into MIT. This will also help them understand certain receptor pathways in 7.06. And finally, to round off my elementary school experience, heres a literary analysis of Peter Rabbit from first grade. Peter Rabbit had problems. His mother said Dont go into the garden, your dad had an accident there. But Peter went. He ate cucumbers and parsley. He saw Mr. MacGregor and ran frantically. Things couldnt get much worse Because he forgot the way out! He ran north, south, east and west! He finnally [sic] found the gate and ran home. But he hated his medicine. Everything from sixth grade on is just more boring literary analyses of dumb poetry, Julius Caesar, Winesburg, Ohio, and other unmentionables. Surely that wont be of any use in helping you express the essence of yourself to the admissions office. I actually think something like Behind the Couch would be a great place to startit could just use some syntax work, a little more vivid diction, and maybe 450 or so more words BAM! Instant essay! Okay, if you have any more questions about how to be a good writer you could e-mail somebody from the MIT Writing Center, I guess. Thats what I do when I have a problem with an essay. Or, once again, you can consult Mitra. That is actually always the best option when confronted with any problem.

The Psychological Aspect Of Coping With Breast Cancer

Many women are affected by breast cancer, more than just physically but, psychologically as well. This study taken place in Spain, illustrates the psychological aspect of coping with an illness like breast cancer. By enforcing positive psychology in those who are affected by breast cancer, gives individuals the strength to persevere through this battle. The purpose of this study was to portray breast cancer patients apart of the group intervention, gained positivity and emotional intelligence. The following questions are answered in this study: Will group interventions be effective, in comparison to those not receiving any intervention? How were the researchers able to determine the effectiveness of the group intervention? Did demographics†¦show more content†¦As these patients face such adversity with their illness, they are becoming psychologically stronger. Within the study resilience was measured by using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale prior to the group interventi on, and after the intervention was finished. Self-esteem can be either positive or negative, but in this study the goal is to attain a more positive self-esteem. Positive self-esteem is comprised of both happiness, and satisfaction in one’s life. By having a positive self-esteem, one is less likely to succumb to life’s negativity. This is of great importance for individuals faced with a terminal illness. Despite dealing with tragedy it is important to remain hopeful, in order to see the good through the bad. Within this study, self-esteem was measured for each patient by using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. This scale indicates high self-esteem and low self-esteem based on a point system. Emotional intelligence is when an individual has the ability to recognize the meanings of emotions, relations, and can problem-solve according to these components. This characteristic is acquired throughout life and the experiences it entails. As cancer is a serious illness, it is n ot only an adjustment for the patient, also the patient’s friends and family. Though the changes in health have great potentially of physical and psychological impairment to the patient, loved one’sShow MoreRelatedThe Causes And Effect Of Breast Cancer1525 Words   |  7 Pagesworld—some that we have control of and others that are out of our hands. Some of these factors happen instantly, like a car-crash, and others develop over time, like cancer. Cancer is one leading cause of deaths in the United States. One population that is greatly affected by this illness is women suffering from breast cancer. Breast cancer can take a huge toll on a woman’s physical health, as well as emotional and mental health. Many women have trouble adjusting to chemotherapy, hospitals, the impactRead MoreManaging Anxiety While Undergoing Diagnostic Evaluation for Breast Cancer1111 Words   |  5 PagesDiagnosic Evaluation for Breast Cancer Literature Review Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. In 2008, more than one million women underwent a diagnostic evaluation for suspected breast cancer. Approximately 182,500 women of the more than one million that received an evaluation also received a positive diagnosis (Montgomery, 2010). Risk factors linked to Breast Cancer include: gender, age, family history, prior breast cancer, previous biopsy, raceRead MoreThe Research Paper That I Am Evaluating Is, â€Å"The Effectiveness1596 Words   |  7 Pagespsychotherapy on depression and happiness in breast cancer patients†, identifies breast cancer and the devastating toll it takes on it the victims (Dowlatabadi, Ahmadi, Sorbi, Beiki, Razavi, Bidaki, 2016). Breast cancer is a ubiquitous disease in females worldwide, the psychological shrapnel includes, fear, despair, anger, depression and anxiety. Whereas, the ramifications physically of cancer are considered temporary, however, the emotional and psychological damage is com plex unrelenting, and evisceratingRead MoreEssay about Coping Strategies2267 Words   |  10 PagesCoping Strategies- Problem-focused Versus Emotion-focused Coping strategies refer to the specific efforts, both behavioral and psychological, that people employ to master, tolerate, reduce or minimize stressful events. There are two general coping strategies which have been distinguished. Problem-focused strategies are efforts to do something active to alleviate stressful circumstances, where as emotion-focused coping strategies involve efforts to regulate the emotional consequences of stressfulRead MoreCancer Progression And Survival: A Biobehavioral Approach.1288 Words   |  6 PagesCancer Progression and Survival: A Biobehavioral Approach Multiple epidemiological and psychological studies have investigated the relationship between psychological factors and the progression of cancer. Lack of social support, trauma history, depression, and distress and the most commonly cited psychological processes when looking at cancer outcomes. A meta-analysis conducted by Pinquart and Duberstein (2010) examined the association between social support and cancer progression and found thatRead MoreThe Myth Of The Film The Bourne Identity 1484 Words   |  6 PagesA myth is an unproved or untrue belief that is used to justify a social institution. The idea that a positive attitude can stave off cancer is a myth. As humans, we generally want to make sense of the world around us, myths help us to do this therefore they are compelling. Myths arise because we have a desire for easy answers and quick fixes for problems. For example, the idea that if we sleep more we will lose weight is appealing because it is straight forward, therefore people are quick to supportRead MoreEssay about The Pros and Cons of Health Screening 2091 Words   |  9 Pagespsychology to health screening. Wardle Pope (1992) claimed that evaluating the benefits of health screening can be very difficult. This is primarily due to the fact that premature death from chronic diseases, fore example breast and cervical cancer, is comparatively rare and consequently very large sample sizes are necessary to detect benefits. Additionally, endpoints such as mortality cannot be evaluated in short-term studies, and in the long-term, both the incidence and the treatmentsRead MoreLife After Chemotherapy : Symptoms And Treatments Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesNIH estimates, three in four families in the U.S, are likely to have at least one individual with a diagnosis of cancer (NIH, 2016). We have millions of cancer survivors in the U.S. However, life for survivors is not always the same, as life before cancer. Treatment provided to cure cancer has short term and long term side effects. Conventional chemotherapies provided for cancer, are replete with toxicities. Though research is underway to prevent and reduce the toxic effects of chemotherapyRead MoreChoose a Medical Condition That Interests You and Research It. Write About the Possible Uses of Hypnosis in the Treatment as You See Them.1948 Words   |  8 Pagesthe possible uses of hypnosis in the treatment as you see them. Breast cancer affects one in every nine women in Britain, 45,000 women every year are diagnosed with it in some form or stage of development. Life style and cognitive interventions, i.e. counselling and psychotherapy can play an important part in how the patient deals with cancer in their lives and how they recover. Our genes regulate cell growth and cancer occurs due to abnormal changes in these genes. Genes are in each cellsRead MoreEssay about Alternative Cancer Treatment1011 Words   |  5 PagesAlternative Cancer Treatment Today, many psychologists feel that psychological therapy can give cancer patients’ a longer life. The first to take this stance was Psychiatrist David Spiegel M.D., of Stanford University School of Medicine, in a 1989 study Spiegel gathered patients once a week to discuss there feelings about the cancer and here they received support from other cancer sufferers. â€Å"When Spiegel followed up a decade later, he discovered that patients who had participated in the sessions

How Fatigue Is Affecting Surgeons - 1274 Words

A major concern in the world of medicine and many patients around the world has been how fatigue is affecting surgeons. Imagine you are in the operating room and you happen to see the surgeon yawn, you are putting your life in his hands. Questions begin to fill your head. How long has he been working? Will he be able to perform at his best? Will he make a mistake because he is tired? In the late twentieth century and very early twentieth-first century it was believed that patient safety was at risk to due to surgeons working over a hundred hours a week, so new regulations were set on 2003, to limit surgical residents to only being able to work for eighty hours a week. Recent studies have found that limiting the amount of hours surgical residents could work has limited their experience, lowered certification passing rate, and increases the possibility for more errors. . Residents see less patients and they don’t get to see the patients they treat get better or worse and researc h supports that there is no significant evidence that negatively correlates hours worked with surgeons performance. Even though in the past it was believed that Patients were more at risk when surgeons work longer, making them more susceptible to errors because of fatigue, due to new studies, residents should be allowed to exceed the 80 hour limit because studies show that residents are being exposed to less patients which reduces their experience An experiment was done by Gaba and his researchShow MoreRelatedOrgan Specific Cancer Treatments. Certain Advanced Cancer1068 Words   |  5 Pagesorgan specific way, and accordingly oncologists are reserved for treating cancers affecting specific organs only. Accordingly, oncologists have successfully treated breast cancer, head and neck cancer, gynecological cancer, orthopedic cancer, lung cancer, neuro cancer, and liver cancer. Understanding each organ specific cancer and the treatment available for it Breast Cancer It is the commonest of cancers affecting women, and it is believed to be the cancer that has caused the most mortality amongRead MoreCancer : A Common Disease1135 Words   |  5 PagesToday all around the world cancer is increasingly a more common disease that has affected many and affecting more each day. Cancer takes the lives of almost ten millions each year. Cancer is a disease that is caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells that divide exponentially. It has the ability to spread to different parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. Cancer has become such a common disease that it can be inherited by genetics, but it can also be contracted by poorRead MoreThe Canadian Nurses Association1249 Words   |  5 Pagesphysical therapist or a member of the nursing staff help with getting the patient mobile. Nutritional intake as advised will assist in returning and controlling normal bowel function along with urination. Getting the proper amount of rest will reduce fatigue and increase strength. Pain management and infection prevention can be controlled as needed through prescribed medications in accordance with the College of Nurses of Ontario. The practice standard of medication practice outlines that a nurse’s actionsRead MoreUsing A Mobile Phone While Driving A Car1488 Words   |  6 Pagesto comprehend as it can overlay markers on top of our vision. But still, is that really safe? Moreover, how does wearing glass affect our health? James M (9) points out that â€Å"Wearing heads up display like Google Glass can contribute to eye fatigue and may cause visual confusion†. An ophthalmologist, Sina Fateh says (12) â€Å"In the same way that we can get fatigue in our hands, we can get fatigue in our eyes.† For looking at the display in Glass, you have to look towards the top right. Doing this frequentlyRead MoreAnxiety vs Depression837 Words   |  4 Pagesquite a difference between the two it can sometimes be difficult to determine. There are some common symptoms between those suffering from anxiety and those who suffer from depression. The common symptoms are difficulty concentrating, agitation, fatigue, and difficulty sleeping. Both conditions effect sufferers on a neurological and emotional level. Those who suffer from these conditions may even report experiencing similar symptoms. However the difference between Depression and Anxiety is clearRead MoreWilms Tumor : A Type Of Cancer Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pagesof being cured, or can be unfavorable where the cells look abnormal. The abnormal cells are quite large and distorted which is called anaplasia making it more difficult to cure (American Cancer Society, 2016). Wilms tumor is a childhood cancer affecting children ages 3-4 years old occurring more in females than males. African-American children are at a higher risk than white children, with Asian-American children having the lowest risk of developing this type of kidney cancer. There is also a 1%Read MoreSomeone Call Me A Doctor / Osteopath Essay7139 Words   |  29 Pagesbreast cancer, with each treatment having advantages and disadvantages, each ultimately affecting the well-being of the patient. This report will specifically cover the treatment options of Surgery, Chemotherapy and Acupuncture, while focusing on Stage 3 breast cancer. Surgery: Surgery is the treatment of injuries or disorders of the body by incision or manipulation, with the aid of instruments, completed by a surgeon. It is commonly used as the first treatment for breast cancer, in the forms of lumpectomyRead MoreEssay on Schizophrenia1393 Words   |  6 Pagessymptom can diagnose a person as schizophrenic, but rather the collection of multiple symptoms which persist for a prolonged period of time. Symptoms of schizophrenia are divided into two categories, positive and negative. These categories define how the symptoms are defined and treated. Positive symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized behavior, disorganized speech and thinking, difficulty to be goal oriented, the schizophrenic is unpredictable, silly, or exhibits behaviorsRead MoreEssay about Bullying and Harassment1373 Words   |  6 Pages‘Offending, socially excluding someone or negatively affecting someone’s work tasks. It can occur repeatedly and regularly over a period of time where the confronted ends up in an inferior position and becomes the target of systematic negative social acts’ (Einarsen et al, 2007). This essay will explain the significance of bullying and harassment in the workplace by exploring, with the use of current literature, the forms of bullying and harassment, how they differ and the costs of this behaviour to aRead MoreCancer Treatment : Organ Specific Cancer Treatments Essay2070 Words   |  9 Pagesorgan specific way, and accordingly oncologists are reserved for treating cancers affecting specific organs only. Accordingly, oncologists have successfully treated breast cancer, head and neck cancer, gynecological cancer, orthopedic cancer, lung cancer, neuro can cer, and liver cancer. Understanding each organ specific cancer and the treatment available for it Breast Cancer It is the commonest of cancers affecting women, and it is believed to be the cancer that has caused the most mortality among

Comm 399 Free Essays

Instructor: Daniel Ding COMM 399-204 Due: 13pm Mar 20, Wednesday Assignment 3 Analyze Hewlett-Packard – Supply the DeskJet Printer in Europe Case (CJA chapter â€Å"Inventory Control†; see the course package). Answer questions 1, 3, and 4 given at the end of the case (question 2 is not required). Discussions are permitted within a group of at most 3 students, but everyone has to submit their own assignment and it cannot be an identical copy! Paperversion is preferred. We will write a custom essay sample on Comm 399 or any similar topic only for you Order Now For your convenience, I have prepared a spreadsheet (Assignment3_HP. ls) in the assignment folder on connect. It may save lots of your time if you work on the excel. If you choose to use excel, be sure to include the excel spreadsheet when you submit your assignment. Please use hints that are provided below. †¢ In comparing different options (localization of a generic printer at DCs or not), you need to quantify the benefits from each. The best way to do that is to use the inventory models to calculate the total cost of inventory per unit (for all DeskJet models) under different options. †¢ Use demand data from the exhibit 13. 16. For your convenience, the monthly and weekly mean and standard deviation for six models as well as generic printers have been calculated in the spreadsheet Assignment3_HP. xls †¢ Assume 1 month = 4. 33 weeks †¢ Assume a 98% service level. The z value to ensure a 98% Service level is 2. 06. †¢ Note that this is a fixed time period (R,T) model with review period T= 1 week. †¢ Lead time for ocean transit = 5 weeks †¢ While calculating annual inventory costs, remember to include pipeline (in-transit) inventory, safety stock, and cycle stocks (because in this case, HP is responsible for all these costs). The annual average inventory cost is computed as follows: Annual Average Inventory Cost = (Safety Stock + Average In-Transit Inventory + Average Cycle Inventory) ? (unit cost) ? (percent carrying cost). Note that in a fixed time period model, the ordering cost is fixed and can therefore be ignored. †¢ We can find the average inventory cost per printer by divi ding the annual average inventory cost by mean annual demand (mean monthly demand ? 12). The total supply chain cost per printer sold is given by (unit cost) + (average inventory cost per printer) + (transportation cost per printer). †¢ For question 4, your recommendation to HP should use the option that minimizes total supply chain cost per printer. Suggested length: If you use excel (Recommended Approach), then submit the spreadsheet plus one-page report that briefly explains your result; otherwise, you may submit a report which includes 2-3 page solution details. How to cite Comm 399, Essay examples

Loss and Grief Lifetime Experience Bereavement

Question: Describe about the Loss and Grief for Lifetime Experience Bereavement. Answer: Abstract People experience grief when there is a loss which was not expected. It is not only during death that grief is experienced but also making other losses. Examples of those losses include illness, death, moving to a new house or unemployment. The aim of this report is to summarize different theories of bereavement and loss. It will discuss the different causes of loss and reaction of individuals to them. The report also summarizes the effect of loss and means of overcoming it especially the loss of loved one through death. The report tries to outline the best way that people who face loss are supposed to grief so that they can reduce the pain. Introduction: Grief is all about response to loss of life. It mainly involves loss of something or anybody, to which affection or bond was there. Apart from being conventionally occupied with the emotional reaction to loss, it has social, Philosophical, physical, behavioral, and cognitive dimensions. Bereavement is the state of grief to a reaction loss of life (Elisabeth Kbler-Ross, 2005 p46). Grief is the emotional suffering on feels when anything or anyone the woman or man loves goes away for good mostly through death. People grieve in connection with different losses in their lives. Examples of losses that individuals face include ill health, unemployment, death and termination of a relationship. Nature of the loss Our client suffered depression after losing two members of his family, his father and on of his cousins. Death grief that is almost every man or woman is familiar with. Losing a person you care about deeply is extremely painful. E was unable to come to terms with the realities of losing his father because he could not contemplate what the future would be without a person he depended on. He went through the process of grief and eventually came out strong. One may experience complex feelings, leading to disappointment and emotional stress (Edelman, 2006 p46). Even though there is no universal method to grieve, there are healthy processes that help to manage loneliness. This may go far into renewing oneself and to cope with real life challenges. Our Clients reaction to loss Denial and Isolation Our clients reaction to the loss was devastating because he could not contemplate losing two close members of his family. The first reaction was denial and isolation. He did not want to accept the reality as it was. He was too emotional about the loss and often stayed away from other people. The immediate shock and loss made him adopt a defense mechanism where he expressed his emotions to people around him. He remained lonely for some time while lamenting why this happened to him. Anger Denial and isolation began to wear out and the reality of the situation re-emerged. Our clients emotions was redirected and expressed as anger. This anger was often directed to strangers, friends, and inanimate objects as well as to some family members. He also directed the hunger to the doctors who treated his dada and his cousin blaming them for negligence and incompetence. Bargaining Our client had a feeling of helplessness and vulnerability. He often asked himself some questions in bid to regain control of the mental state that he was in. For instance, he lamented that if he had sought medical attention for his dad earlier enough, then he would have save his life. He also thought that it was prudent to have sought the opinion of another doctor before the situation became worse. Depression Our client became depressed as he came to terms with the practical implications of losing a father. Regret and sadness preoccupied his thoughts because he was unable to imagine how he would cope with life without a person he entirely depended on. He feared that he would be unable to raise enough money for his college feed provided that he had other siblings who were in school and the mother was unemployed. Acceptance Eventually, our client accepted the situation and moved on. H gained assurance and support from other family members and friends and made a determination to accept and continue with his life bearing in mind that each and every person in this world will at one time pass on. He started interacting with other people and regained his personality again. He still could not hide the devastating effects of losing a loved one. Models used to solve the problem Dual process model Dual process model provides an account of how a phenomenon can occur in two different ways from two distinct processes. Often, the two processes consist of unconscious/implicit and explicit/conscious processes. Unconscious processes are automatic while conscious proceses are controlled. The Dual Process Model suggests that there are two types of stressors namely the loss-oriented stressors and restoration-oriented stressors. Loss oriented stressors come from the process of processing the loss of a person who has died. On the other hand, restoration stressors come from the secondary sources of stress. For instance, instead of thinking about the grief of a person who has died, it also considers feelings of isolation having to fulfill the tasks that were initially being fulfilled by the person who died (Doreen Kenworthy, 2011). According to DPM a griever oscillated between confronting and avoiding the loss. One strives to fulfill the practical needs and life tasks. Wordens Four Task Model This involves coming to terms with the reality of losing a loved one. Your mind can easily pretend that the death did not happen so that you can avoid the pain associated with the loss. In this kind of a scenario, one may expect their loved ones to be far away and well. One might continually expect his/her loved one to be on the other end of the phone when it rings. Acceptance is the first step to willingness of starting a new journey of healing (Humphrey, 2009). One should be patient and to allow those worse feelings to wash over your conscience so that you can be able to process them. A client should be given good care and engaged in good eating habits, physical activity and enough sleep. He should also spend time with other people who he/she feels comfortable with. It is also advisable to change or adjust to a new environment by resuming their routine activities. For adults, it is good to go back to work or to engage in social activities. It requires learning new array of skills and redefining how you see yourself without the loved one. It also requires one to find and endure a connection with the deceased while moving forward with the life. One should be helped to take the loss in a positive way and to appreciate the life of the deceased person. Being appreciative of the good times they spent with the loved one, is a step towards the healing journey. Theories used in this case Family systems theory This theory was developed by the Bowen Center for the study of family. It refers to human behavior that views a family as an emotional unit. It uses systems thinking to describe some of the complex interactions in a family unit. The theory asserts that, members of a family are emotionally connected to the family they belong to. These connections are intense and they occur naturally (Farley, 2012). It also asserts that sometimes people feel disconnected from their fami9lies, but this is more of a feeling than a fact. Family members affect each others thoughts feelings and actions because they often solicit support and approval and react to each others expectations, needs and upsets. This clearly explains the behavior of our client. He was emotionally distressed after losing members of his family. Understanding the modalities of this theory, psychologists can ably assist a client who is emotionally distressed. A grieved person can be assisted by involving family members into the healin g process of their counterpart. Strong family members can help weak ones to come to terms with the harsh realities of losing their loved one. They can also give assurances of their support to the most affected member. Work done by the practitioner with the client Though it is wrong to pathologize grief, the practitioner should help the client to stop burdening their lives out of grief. Grief can sometimes an individuals self-worth and interfere with a persons cognitive functioning. Considering these potential damaging effects of grief, a practitioner should give and honest and informed encouragement to a grieving client. In this case, the practitioner took stock of the clients grief and engaged him on a counseling process whereby the grieved client had a chance to express his views and feelings about the loss as well as listen to the practitioners words of encouragement. The practitioner used other methods to engage the client into accepting and moving on with life. After the burial of the clients dad, the practitioner embarked on counseling sessions with the client whereby they would later do social work. Social interactions with less privileged members of the society helped the client forget his problems and focus on helping other people.. They would hear their views and feelings and help them design. Eventually the client forgot the past and moved on with his life more energized and focused on a brighter future. Coping with the loss Turn to friends and Family members: Family members are the people who care about you. It is more understanding to lean on the people who are close to you even if you are strong or self-sufficient (Farley, 2012 p8). Never avoid you loved ones and always accept the assistance that they will offer. Talk to a counselor or a grief therapist: If your grief is too much, it is good to call or visit a mental health professional who has a good experience in grief counseling. Draw remedy from your religion. If you follow a dedicated culture, then use mourning rituals that would provide therapy. Religious routines such as meditation, pray, or attending church or mosque service can provide solace to a grieving person (Doreen Kenworthy, 2011 p9). If you happen to question your faith during a loss, seek spiritual guidance from the clergy or others in your devout community. On another place where an individual can get support from is the support group. Sharing your problems with other people who hav e in the past experienced similar challenges can help. It is important to contact local hospitals, counseling centers funeral homes or hospices when seeking support groups in your area (Wilson, 2013 p86). Another way of overcoming grief is by expressing one's feelings in a creative approach. The inventive procedure can quite often aid persons to deal with despair emotional pain and disappointment. Example holds something like a journal of the feelings that you are experiencing or you write a letter to the person that you have lost. Like physical undertaking, expressing emotions in writing may reduce the symptoms of grief. By maintaining a journal or a record of the period that you went through a difficult moment you will be any to periodically refer to check how you might have stepped forward in treatment. It is important for an individual who is morning to avoid stressful decisions and stressful situation (Publications, 2005 p12). It is important especially when people are exercising their judgment. Postpone decisions and that are not needed immediately like financial decisions. Always seek financial advice from professionals so that your decisions will be sound. A person who is in t he state of grief should always learn to give himself time. It is unrealistic for one to take only three days for bereavement. Let the person have his time frame to heal. Grief in most cases usually takes one year to 5 years (Elisabeth Kbler-Ross, 2005). Centering Prayer, meditation and stress discount procedures. Contemplative disciplines can aid to manipulate stress and enable an individual to find an appropriate state of relaxation or awareness. Meditation and Prayer could assist in a singles nonsecular development by way of clearing the intellect of the everyday stress, and permit one to center of attention on the grace of God. Culture and tradition play critical and important role in understanding the style and manner in which a person grieves. The concept of what happens to a person after death can be reviled by one's culture. Ones thought of the means of life, and the demise comes from individuals beliefs and tradition, so as a result the feelings and grief that one experience is linked immediately to persons identity (John W. James, 2010 p52). Every tradition has its rituals and customs that advisor and shapes the way the bereaved grieves. The period of grief is a long one, and it is fundamental to gift oneself time to grieve and to suffer the overwhelming emotions that accompany grief. Each character moves at his or her pace and alongside this path there perhaps circumstances which prevent ones growth and occasions which guide ones progress. It will even take a lifetime to arrive the favored pursuits of acceptance and inner peace. Reaching acceptance and inner peace does not mean the survivor will feel the same way every day. The intensity of grief diminishes as time passes because the interval of waves of grief become farther and farther (Simos, 2009 p173 ). Some people think it is disloyal for an individual to feel better which is not the case. The loved relative that you are grieving, on the other hand, rejoices when you feel good because he/she sees and feels your pain. It is believed that when one makes contact with a loved one on the other side it can help grieving journey. A human being a soul is immortal, and thus we tend to survive physical death. Even as spirit contact via a medium, it will not end the suffering of the bereaved, it'll help that man or woman obtains another point of view on death. This new viewpoint may just turn out to be the feeling of the finality of death into the recognition death is merely the transference of our vigor, of who we're, to a greater realm (Blevins, 2014 p77). Conclusion All people will have one day in their lifetime experience bereavement and grief because they are natural emotions. It is important for counselors to get to know how loss affects people differently and take note of the difference of grief presentation and comprehension among different groups of people. Clients practices and cultural beliefs are an important construct. For one to be an effective counselor in grief counseling, proper training is needed. Grief has got no magic pill; it is not possible to get over it. It is like a journey, it never gets to the end, but only things get better as there are some things that you can do make it smooth along the way (Lewis, 2009 p32 ). References Blevins, W. L. (2014). Hidden Grace: Growing Through Loss and Grief. Bloomington: Balboa Press. Darcy L. Harris, T. C. (2016). Handbook of Social Justice in Loss and Grief: Exploring Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge,. Doreen Kenworthy, M. K. (2011). Midwives Coping with Loss and Grief: Stillbirth, Professional and Personal Losses. Abingdon: Radcliffe Publishing. Edelman, H. (2006). Motherless Daughters: The Legacy of Loss. Boston, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. Elisabeth Kbler-Ross, D. K. (2005). On Grief and Grieving: Finding the Meaning of Grief Through the Five Stages of Loss. New York City: Simon and Schuster. Farley, K. (2012). Grieving Dads: To the Brink and Back. New york: Grieving Dads LLc. Fuller Theological Seminary, S. o. (2008). "Ain't Got Time to Die": Grief, Loss and Healing in the African American Community. Ann Arbor, Michigan: ProQuest. Gabriel Constans, D. H. (2005). Good Grief: Love, Loss, and Laughter. New York City: Helm Publishing. Hickman, M. W. (2009). Healing After Loss: Daily Meditations For Working Through Grief. New York City: HarperCollins, 2009. Humphrey, K. M. (2009). Counseling Strategies for Loss and Grief. Michigan: American Counseling Association. John W. James, R. F. (2010). When Children Grieve: For Adults to Help Children Deal with Death, Divorce, Pet Loss, Moving, and Other Losses. New York City,: HarperCollins. Lewis, C. S. (2009). A Grief Observed. London: HarperCollins. Loss, O. G. (2005). Elisabeth Kbler-Ross, David Kessler. New York: Simon and Schuste. Metz, P. K. (2014). The Tao of Loss and Grief: Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching Adapted for New Emotions. Lake Worth: Green Dragon Books. Publications, N. H. (2005). Grieving Mindfully: A Compassionate and Spiritual Guide to Coping with Loss. University Park: Pennsylvania State University. Rosenblatt, P. C. (2000). Parent Grief: Narratives of Loss and Relationship. Pennsylvania : Psychology Press. Simos, B. G. (2009). A time to grieve: loss as a universal human experience. San Antonio: Family Service Association of America. Wilson, J. (2013). Supporting People through Loss and Grief: An Introduction for Counsellors and Other Caring Practitioners. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Wright, B. (2007). Loss and Grief. The Old Bakery: MK Update Ltd.

A Beautiful Thing essays

A Beautiful Thing essays Amy Williams Dr.Yow Essay 2 A Beautiful Thing Lucy Grealy, in her essay Mirrors, gives an awesome portrayal of how our external being, as seen by others, shapes and influences our own feelings of inner worth. The author breaks down the true definition of individuality, pointing out that individualism is really nothing more than the way society perceives us. For example, when Lucy was young, her family and doctors rewarded her good behavior (i.e. silence) during chemotherapy by exclaiming, What a brave little girl. Unfortunately, this type of praise installed a false and unhealthy sense of self in Lucy. She became attached to this courageous, stalwart disposition, feeling that her reticence contributed to the approval, attention, and acceptance she received from others. Grealy states, ...if I broke down, this would be seen as despicable in the eyes of both my parents and doctors. I got tired of being brave, every week I told myself not to cry and every week I failed (50). The author f elt that by shedding tears, she had somehow failed to cooperate effectively, leaving disappointment in the heart of her most sought after audience, her parents. Like so many of us experience today, L. Grealy linked her broken life and lack of self-confidence to her outward, flawed appearance. To illustrate, she writes: I didnt feel I could pass up yet another chance to fix my face, which I confusedly thought concurrent with fixing myself, my soul, my life (49). In most cases, it is not necessarily our own face that humans most desire to change, but similarly, we mistakenly long for modification from the outside inward rather than the inside outward. We struggle with self-acceptance, and ascribe our inadequacy to external blemishes, an outside force, Amy Williams Dr.Yow Essay 2 which denies the possibility for self-assertion and growth. As individua ...

Kennedy Assasination essays

Kennedy Assasination essays There is much evidence supporting the innocence of Lee Harvey Oswald involving the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. When one of the most beloved Presidents in United States history was assassinated, Americans were quick to point fingers. Within forty-five minutes of Kennedys assassination, Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested and within hours, he was charged with the murder of President Kennedy. According to the Warren Commission, the group that investigated Kennedys assassination, Oswald was the lone assassin. The commission stated that he shot a cheap rifle from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository, the place of his employment. Three shots were fired, hitting three different people; John Conally, the governor of Texas; President Kennedy, and police officer James Tague. If Oswald had indeed shot this cheap rifle, there should have been a powder burn on his cheek. After Oswald was arrested, his cheek was examined, and no such burn was found. That alone should have supported his innocence. During the day of the assassination, there were two suspicious people at Dealeys Plaza, the area near the murder scene. Both men were standing on a curb, close to Kennedy when he was shot. One man was holding an umbrella, which was strange because it was a warm sunny day and no other bystander was holding one. The second man looked as if he was holding a radio. Both the Dallas Police and the Warren Commission failed to acknowledge these two men throughout the investigation. According to Ralph Schuster, the Zapruder film, clearly shows an open umbrella as the motorcade passed the Stemmons Freeway sign on Elm Street. In photographs taken minutes before and after the assassination, the Umbrella Man pumped his umbrella nearly two feet in the air and then lowered it again. While the Umbrella Man was pumping his umbrella, the man next to him began to raise his arms...

Treatments for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Research Paper - 1

Treatments for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - Research Paper Example Diabetes is, at the moment, ranked as the 6th leading cause of death in the United States (Rubino et al 1). In many other states, it ranks far much higher due to their deprived status of dealing with the illness. The financial turmoil, in 2007 alone, went beyond US$ 174 billion. Oral hypoglycemic and diet modification have proven inadequate, while insulin therapy simply solves the matter temporarily. In the United States Prospective Diabetes Study, people with diabetes were treated with insulin, diet modification, sulfonylurea and metformin (Sloan 194). At one with the progressive trait of diabetes, monotherapy was deserted in 75 percent of the diabetic patients assessed in a follow-up of 10 years. Even with the new-fangled pharmaco-therapies, diabetic patients still develop micro- and macro-vascular effects. Diabetes is connected to increased stroke- and cardiac-related deaths, blindness and kidney failure, as well as 69% of the non-trauma lower-limb amputations (Sloan 194). In card iac surgery, the illness as a preoperative risk element confers much better morbidity than a previous myocardial infarction. Whereas this numbers indicate to us that this disease will be a global health concern of the next generation, its actual pathophysiology is yet to be defined. Alternative treatments targeting diverse models of this disease need vigilant and responsible assessment. A tremendous body of proof now showcases that surgery for type 1 diabetes can achieve complete illness remission, an objective almost unprecedented in recent diabetes care (Perry 22; Montenero 98; Fox 1550). Data gathered over many years of surgery showcases the success and durability of diabetes management gained after the surgery. Metabolic surgery is, at the moment, emerging as a field devoted to the development of surgical processes, particularly intended to treat diabetes. However, what about non-surgical treatment? Type 1 is treated non-surgically with insulin replacement – normally

Martin Luther King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Martin Luther King - Essay Example One which will not leave more sufferings through people being arrested and even killed in riots and police retaliation. His followers were conditioned to only involve themselves in mass protests that were peaceful an example being the bus riot protest seeking an end to segregation in the buses and other transportation systems. His leadership as a civil rights activist compared to that of other leaders was marked with less bloodshed. Even though the masses and their perseverance to their just cause always caused a headache to the white people and the justice system, as well as other security branches of the government, in the end, they got what they were looking for and that is justice (Kirk 38). Other than seeking justice which was what he is famously remembered for, Martin Luther King Jr. was also deemed important because of his seeking equality for all as long as people lived in the same country. His young and old adulthood was marked with him seeking equality for people he did not even know about but did that because he believed in the human rights and in people being created equally and hence should be accorded equal treatment at all times. This did not mean that he did not respect the authority because he did but he wanted the same authority to use their power for just causes. He went to hotels and other public areas â€Å"preaching† the importance to equality among mankind and this is how he gained his popularity as a civil rights activist and started seeking justice later on in his life. Martin Luther King’s speech of â€Å"I have a dream† shot him to the highest of the popularity ranks and is still sensational up to date decades later after his death. He was elite and a very smooth-spoken and talented orator and public leader with excellent public speaking skills. This made him an autocratic leader moving people with just his words and paralyzing people with his speech.

Structural Engineering Centrifugal Pump Test Laboratory Engineering Essay

Structural Engineering Centrifugal Pump Test Laboratory Engineering Essay This report examines the centrifugal pump. Firstly by examining the system head characteristic, then by examining the effects varying the motor speed has on a single pump. Finally the report examines and compares the use of two pumps in series and then in parallel. Theoretically examination of the system head characteristic should yield a graph of system head against volume flowrate which is curved, the curve should begin above zero from the y axis, due to static lift. Theoretically examination of the effect of varying motor speed across a system of a single pump should show that higher motor speeds lead to higher efficiency in the pump system along with larger changes of power across the system, and a larger drop in head values. Finally comparison of a system with two pumps used in series and in parallel should show that the method used will not have an effect on the efficiency of the system. However it should also show that the system in series has twice the head values of that in parallel and that the system in parallel has twice the volume flowrate values of the system in series. Overall they should have the same Mass flow. Upon comparison of the results obtained with theory, it is evident that for the most part, the experimental results agree with theory. Any minor disagreements between theory and experimentation will be explained in the discussions and conclusions section of this report. This report serves to display knowledge and understanding of the operation of a centrifugal pump gained from completion of the experiment. Introduction The purpose of this laboratory is to study the operation and performance of a centrifugal pump. Centrifugal pumps are an example of a fluid machine. Fluid machines are devices that transfer energy to or from a fluid. Fluid machines include pumps, fans and compressors. This experiment deals with a pump. Pumps are devices used to move gases or liquids from lower to higher pressure. The difference in pressure is overcome by adding energy to the system. Specifically, centrifugal pumps operate by converting rotational kinetic energy into hydro dynamic energy. The rotational energy is typically supplied by an engine or electric motor or turbine. Centrifugal Pumps are an important machine to study from an engineering point of view as they are very widely used as a means of delivering liquids. Centrifugal pumps are used in fields such as sewage, petroleum and petrochemical pumping. For the purpose of this report the centrifugal pump was studied in terms of its performance when a single pump was used and also when two pumps were used (both in series and in parallel). The purpose being to highlight the effects this had on results. The system characteristic was also investigated. The overall purpose of this experiment is to give a better understanding and insight into how this fluid machine works. Below is an image of a centrifugal pump. A greater insight into how it operates and an explanation of the function of the various parts will be provided later in the report. http://www.pumpfundamentals.com/images/closed_impeller.gif Figure 1 Centrifugal Pump Diagram 1 Objectives The primary aim of this laboratory is to gain a better understanding of pumps, in particular the centrifugal pump. Insight is gained into the principles of operation of a centrifugal pump and the process through which a pump transfers energy to a fluid system. There are three parts to this experiment: To determine the system characteristic for the fluid system on which the pump operates. To determine the performance of a single pump relative to motor speed. To determine (for a fixed motor speed) the performance of two centrifugal pumps; Operating in series (ii) Operating in parallel Theory Basic theory and workings of Centrifugal pump As previously stated, the principle operation of a centrifugal pump  is to convert fluid velocity into pressure energy.  The pump is made up of three components; the inlet duct, the  impeller, and the volute. http://htmlimg2.scribdassets.com/4sp8x32v9cejngi/images/4-dd8b7539b4.jpg Figure 2: Centrifugal Pump Diagram 2 Fluid enters the inlet duct (D).  As the shaft (A) rotates, the impeller (B), which is connected to the shaft, also  rotates.  The impeller consists  of a number of blades  that  project the fluid outward when rotating.  This centrifugal force gives the fluid a high velocity.  Next, the moving fluid passes  through the pump case (C)  and then into the volute (E).  The volute chamber  has a uniformly increasing area.  This increasing  area decreases the fluids  velocity, which converts the  velocity energy into pressure energy. 2 Determining the System Characteristic The first step of the experiment is to identify the system characteristic of the pump. When a pump is fitted in a system, it is tested so as to ensure that the volume flow-rate and head of the pump are within required specifications. The Volume flow rate can be defined as the volume of the fluid that passes through a given surface per unit time, and the head of the pump is a measure of the fluid energy. In order to do this we must find the pump head and the volume flow rate. We then plot the pump head (expressed in metres) against the volume flow rate (expressed in m3/s). This should yield a curve. The system head characteristic is dependent on static lift which is associated with change in elevation of the fluid, contraction or expansion of the fluid associated with acceleration and deceleration of the fluid, and the losses within the system. Below is a theoretical graph, showing how the curve should appear. http://www.climatechange.gov.au/what-you-need-to-know/appliances-and-equipment/electric-motors/system-optimisation/optimising-pump-and-fan-applications/~/media/Images/electric-motor/system-curve.ashx?w=447h=324as=1 Example graph for system head characteristic3 When a pump is attached to a system the operating point occurs when the pump head hpump equals the system head hsystem. The optimum operating conditions occur when the required duty point of head and flow intersects the operating point and the design point, the point of maximum efficiency. Single Centrifugal Pump Characteristics The next aspect of the experiment is to determine the performance of a single pump as a function of motor speed. The performance of a pump is generally mapped by plotting pump head (hpump), electrical power (Pelectrical) and pump efficiency (ÃŽÂ ·pump) as a function of the volume flow rate Q through the pump. The use of a single pump is investigated for three different motor speeds, measuring the effect varying the motor speed has on pump head, electrical power and efficiency. These values are then plotted on a graph against the volume flow rate. Theoretically; Higher speeds yield higher efficiency Higher motor speeds lead to a larger change in power across the system. Higher motor speeds yield higher head values (expressed in metres). Double Centrifugal Pump Characteristics The final aspect of this experiment is the investigation of the effects of the use of two centrifugal pumps on the system. The pumps are placed in series and then in parallel. Both systems, i.e. the pump system which is in series and that which is in parallel are set to the same motor speed. In both cases head, electrical power and efficiency are measured and plotted against volume flow rate. The graph for the system in series can then be compared to the graph for the system in parallel, in order to study and compare the different systems. Centrifugal pumps both in series are used to overcome larger system head loss than one pump can handle alone, whereas centrifugal pumps in parallel are used to overcome larger volume flows than one pump can handle alone.4 When running in series, the heads are added and the total capacity is equal to that of the pump with the smallest capacity, whereas in parallel, the capacities of the pumps are added, and the head of all pumps will be equal at the point where the discharged liquids recombine.5 Theoretically whether the system is in series or in parallel shouldnt affect the efficiency of the system. Experimental Methods Equipment Used- The primary piece of equipment used was the centrifugal pump, a detailed explanation of its operation can be found in the theory section of this report (see page 6). We also use a differential pressure transducer, which is a type of pressure sensor. We use a computer to measure and record data. Methods- System Head Characteristic Open valve V1 and close valve V2 located in the inlet pipelines to pumps 1 and 2. Close valve V3 which connects the outlet pipeline from pump 1 to the inlet pipeline to pump 2 Open valve V4 located in the outlet pipeline from pump 1. Open the discharge valve V5 to approximately 75% of its fully opened position. Disconnect the low pressure line connecting differential pressure transducer to upstream of pump 1. Record the motor speed, the discharge volume flow rate, the pressure measured by the differential pressure transducer and the system head. Increase the speed of motor 1 incrementally, at each increment repeat the above step and continue to do so until the motor speed had reached its maximum. Plot the system head characteristic against volume flow rate. Single Pump Open valve V1 and close valve V2 located in the inlet pipelines to pumps 1 and 2. Close valve V3 connecting the outlet pipeline from pump 1 to the inlet pipeline to pump 2 Open valve V4 located in the outlet pipeline from pump 1. Close fully the discharge valve V5. Set the speed of the motor connected to pump 1 using the motor speed controller to 45 Hz Record the Volume flowrate Q, the pump head hp, the electrical power consumed Pelectrical and the pump efficiency ÃŽÂ ·pump. Open valve V5 incrementally, at each increment repeating the above step and continuing until the valve is fully opened. Plot pump head, electrical power and efficiency against volume flow rate Q at that motor speed. Repeat the procedure for motor speeds of 35 and 40Hz. Double Pump In Series Open valve V1 and close valve V2 located in the inlet pipelines to pumps 1 and 2. Open valve V3 connecting the outlet pipeline from pump 1 to the inlet pipeline to pump 2. Close valve V4 located in the outlet pipeline from pump 1. Close fully the discharge valve V5. Set the speed of the both motors connected to pump 1 2 to 45 Hz using the motor speed controller. Record the volume flowrate Q, the pump head hp, the electrical power consumed Pelectrical and the pump efficiency ÃŽÂ ·pump. Open valve V5 incrementally, at each increment repeating the above step and continuing until the valve is fully opened. Plot pump head, electrical power and efficiency against volume flow rate Q at that motor speed. In Parallel Open valve V1 and close valve V2 located in the inlet pipelines to pumps 1 and 2. Open valve V3 connecting the outlet pipeline from pump 1 to the inlet pipeline to pump 2. Close valve V4 located in the outlet pipeline from pump 1. Close fully the discharge valve V5. Set the speed of the both motors connected to pump 1 2 to 45 Hz using the motor speed controller. Record the volume flowrate Q, the pump head hp, the electrical power consumed Pelectrical and the pump efficiency ÃŽÂ ·pump. Open valve V5 incrementally, at each increment repeating the above step and continuing until the valve is fully opened. Plot pump head, electrical power and efficiency against volume flow rate Q at that motor speed. Experimental Results System characteristic for the fluid system Below is the table of results for the determination of the system characteristic for the fluid system; Motor speed N (Hz) Vol FlowrateQ(m3/s) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Psystem Pa Hsystem (m) 14 0 0.716 0.123333 21 0.188667 3.223 0.376667 25 0.368333 4.296667 0.486667 32 0.477667 6.911 0.753333 35 0.545667 8.450667 0.91 39 0.647667 10.06167 1.073333 42 0.714 12.71167 1.346667 47 0.796333 14.93167 1.573333 The graph for the system characteristic (Hsystem against Volume flowrate) is below: Graph 1 (System Characteristic) Single Pump Test Single Pump Test for Motor Speed 45 Hz- Below is the table of results for the single pump test at a motor speed of 45Hz; Vol Flowrate Q(m3/s) Head (m) Efficiency % Power W 0 8.786667 0 109.9433 0 8.443333 0 109.05 0 7.116667 0 116.8633 0 6.98 0 130.5333 0 7.306667 0 163.25 0.246333 7.32 9.7 181.8867 0.332667 7.186667 11.9 197.02 0.427333 7.016667 14.3 205.6467 0.537 6.833333 15.93333 226.0733 0.619667 6.38 16.53333 234.2133 0.738333 5.876667 17.1 249.1867 0.781333 5.703333 16.76667 260.4133 The corresponding graphs for the single pump test at motor speed 45Hz are below; Total Motor Power (W) Single Pump Test for Motor Speed 40Hz- Below is the table of results for the single pump test at a motor speed of 40 Hz; Vol Flowrate Q(m3/s) Head (m) Efficiency % Power W 0 6.251868 0 128.0131 0.376333 5.406667 10.96667 178.8733 0.55 5.19 13.4 208.5767 0.675 4.706667 13.7 226.7267 0.7335 4.525 13.7 237.915 The corresponding graphs for the single pump test at motor speed 40Hz are below; Total Motor Power (W) Single Pump Test for Motor Speed 35 Hz- Below is the table of results for the single pump test at a motor speed of 35 Hz; Vol Flowrate Q(m3/s) Head (m) Efficiency % Power W 0.054 4.722434 1.633333 118.0014 0.305667 4.276667 7.066667 170.9 0.592 3.65 9.666667 218.18 0.632333 3.546667 9.666667 226.3167 0.630333 3.343333 9.166667 225.1767 The corresponding graphs for the single pump test at motor speed 35Hz are below; Total Motor Power (W) Double Pump Test System in series- Below are the results of the double pump test for a system in series- Vol Flowrate Q(m3/s) Head (m) Efficiency % Power Motor 1 (W Power Motor 2 (W) Total Motor Power (W) 0 18.21333 0 109.2933 55.99 165.2833 0 15.38 0 128.4167 54.69 183.1067 0.255667 14.80333 15.16667 181.3167 62.82667 244.1433 0.43 14.38667 23.5 201.0067 57.37 258.3767 0.537667 13.70667 26.7 218.67 51.43 270.1 0.618667 13.08 26.86667 240.3967 54.44333 294.84 0.730333 11.65 26.96667 256.1867 52.89667 309.0833 0.852667 9.826667 25.06667 272.6233 54.68667 327.31 0.883333 9.863333 25.16667 278.16 60.62667 338.7867 The corresponding graphs for the double pump test for a system in series are below; Total Motor Speed (W) System in parallel- Below is the table of results for the double pump test for a system in parallel; Volume Flowrate Q (m3/s) Head (m) Efficiency (%) Motor Power 1 (W) Motor Power 2 (W) Total Motor Power (W) 0 9.19667 0 111.327 63.8833 175.21 0.277 7.6 11 134.847 52.49 187.3367 0.47167 7.67 17.3 144.773 60.1367 204.91 0.598 7.41667 20.1333 152.917 62.7467 215.6634 0.72033 7.33667 22.8333 165.443 61.28 226.7233 0.83633 7.39667 27 171.06 53.3867 224.4467 0.97033 7.11667 27.7 191.243 52.7333 243.9766 1.11633 6.85 28.3667 201.337 62.7433 264.08 1.29767 6.70667 31.9667 210.613 56.2367 266.85 1.37667 6.33 29.9667 228.597 55.6633 284.26 1.554 6.02667 30.9 241.21 59.4867 300.6967 1.63033 5.73 30 244.14 60.7933 304.9333 The corresponding graphs for the double pump test for a system in parallel are below; Total Motor Power (W) Discussion Conclusions This section of the report contains a discussion of the results obtained along with conclusions drawn from said results and also where necessary, comments regarding any unexpected values. System Head Characteristic The first part of the experiment was conducted in order to attain a system head characteristic curve. Volume flowrate, measured in m3/s, was mapped against Head, which is measured in metres. We would expect this to yield a smooth curve starting above the zero mark form the y- axis, in order to allow for static lift in the pump system. As expected the system head characteristic was found to be a curve, starting slightly above the zero mark on the y axis, therefore for the most part, results were conclusive with theory. However there is one discrepancy between expected results and the actual results obtained, as the curve is not entirely smooth. Some possible reasons for the slightly irregular shape of the curve are; Single Pump Test The second part of this experiment was to investigate the effect changing motor speed has on a pump. In order to conduct this investigation pump head (hpump), electrical power (Pelectrical), pump efficiency (ÃŽÂ ·pump) and volume flowrate (Q) were measured for a variety of motor speeds. Then hpump, Pelectrical and ÃŽÂ ·pump were mapped against Q for each motor speed. The reason for this being to highlight the effects changing motor speed has on the centrifugal pump system. We expect firstly that higher motor speeds yield higher efficiency, secondly that higher motor speeds lead to a larger change in power across the system and finally that higher motor speeds yield higher head values. Upon studying the results of the experiment we can see that they match up with theory. Efficiency- Theory- Efficiency, simply put, refers to how well a pump can convert one form of energy into another. In this case how well the pump converts rotational kinetic energy into hydrodynamic energy. The overall efficiency of a centrifugal pump is defined as the ratio of the water (output) power to the shaft (input) power. By increasing the speed at which the motor rotates the shaft, the shafts power is increased, therefore the value of efficiency is increased. Results- Higher motor speeds did in the case of this experiment did yield higher values for efficiency. For a motor speed of 45 Hz the highest efficiency value obtained was approximately 16.7%, for a motor speed of 40Hz Hz the highest efficiency value obtained was approximately 13.7% and finally for the lowest motor speed used, 35Hz, highest efficiency was approximately 9.16%. Power Change- Theory- Power can be defined as a work/time ratio. The work in the case of this experiment is the rotation of the shaft by the motor, which in turn creates a centrifugal force in the water. For a faster motor speed, the shaft rotates faster, meaning that more work is done per unit time. This means a greater rise in the power value. Results- In this experiment, as expected, higher motor speeds yielded larger changes in power across the system. For a motor speed of 45 Hz the rise in power in across the system was approximately 150.47 watts. For a motor speed of 40 Hz the rise in power in across the system was approximately 109.9 watts. Finally, for the lowest motor speed used, 35 Hz, the change in power in across the system was approximately 107.18 watts. Head- Theory- Head is the height at which a pump can raise water up. The higher the value of pressure, the higher the value of head will be. Since raising rotational speed strongly affects pressure loss of a fluid, we can see that it also affects head loss.    Results- In this experiment, as expected, higher motor speeds lead to a greater loss in head (measured in metres) across the system. For a motor speed of 45 Hz the drop in head across the system was approximately 3.09 metres. For a motor speed of 40 Hz drop in head across the system was approximately 1.727 metres. Finally, for the lowest motor speed used, 35 Hz, drop in head across the system was approximately 1.38 metres. Double Pump Test The final part of the experiment was to investigate (for a fixed motor speed); the performance of two centrifugal pumps; firstly operating in series and secondly operating in parallel. The two results for the system in series and for the system in parallel could then be compared. In order to conduct this investigation pump head (hpump), electrical power (Pelectrical), pump efficiency (ÃŽÂ ·pump) and volume flowrate (Q) were measured, firstly for the system in series and secondly for the system in parallel. Theoretically, when both systems are set at the same motor speed, the pump in series should have twice the Head value of the system in parallel, whereas the system in parallel should have twice the volume flowrate of the system in series. Meaning that both systems end up with the same mass flow. Whether the pumps are in series or in parallel should have no effect on the efficiency of the system. Head- Theory- Results- As expected the system in series has approximately twice the head value of the system in parallel. (Series18.22m: Parallel 9.2m) Volume Flowrate- Theory- Results- As expected the system in parallel has approximately twice the volume flowrate value of the system in series. (Series 0.883 : Parallel 1.63) Mass Flow- Theory- Results- Efficiency- Theory- Results-

Chapter 4 The Leaky Cauldron

It took Harry several days to get used to his strange new freedom. Never before had he been able to get up whenever he wanted or eat whatever he fancied. He could even go wherever he pleased, as long as it was in Diagon Alley, and as this long cobbled street was packed with the most fascinating wizarding shops in the world, Harry felt no desire to break his word to Fudge and stray back into the Muggle world. Harry ate breakfast each morning in the Leaky Cauldron, where he liked watching the other guests: funny little witches from the country, up for a day's shopping; venerable-looking wizards arguing over the latest article in Transfiguration Today; wild-looking warlocks; raucous dwarfs; and once, what looked suspiciously like a hag, who ordered a plate of raw liver from behind a thick woolen balaclava. After breakfast Harry would go out into the backyard, take out his wand, tap the third brick from the left above the trash bin, and stand back as the archway into Diagon Alley opened in the wall. Harry spent the long sunny days exploring the shops and eating under the brightly colored umbrellas outside cafes, where his fellow diners were showing one another their purchases (â€Å"It's a lunascope, old boy — no more messing around with moon charts, see?†) or else discussing the case of Sirius Black (â€Å"Personally, I won't let any of the children out alone until he's back in Azkaban†). Harry didn't have to do his homework under the blankets by flashlight anymore; now he could sit in the bright sunshine outside Florean Fortescue's Ice Cream Parlor, finishing all his essays with occasional help from Florean Fortescue himself, who, apart from knowing a great deal about medieval witch burnings, gave Harry free sundaes every half an hour. Once Harry had refilled his money bag with gold Galleons, silver Sickles, and bronze Knuts from his vault at Gringotts, he had to exercise a lot of self-control not to spend the whole lot at once. He had to keep reminding himself that he had five years to go at Hogwarts, and how it would feel to ask the Dursleys for money for spellbooks, to stop himself from buying a handsome set of solid gold Gobstones (a wizarding game rather like marbles, in which the stones squirt a nasty-smelling liquid into the other player's face when they lose a point). He was sorely tempted, too, by the perfect, moving model of the galaxy in a large glass ball, which would have meant he never had to take another Astronomy lesson. But the thing that tested Harry's resolution most appeared in his favorite shop, Quality Quidditch Supplies, a week after he'd arrived at the Leaky Cauldron. Curious to know what the crowd in the shop was staring at, Harry edged his way inside and squeezed in among the excited witches and wizards until he glimpsed a newly erected podium, on which was mounted the most magnificent broom he had ever seen in his life. â€Å"Just come out — prototype –† a square-jawed wizard was telling his companion. â€Å"It's the fastest broom in the world, isn't it, Dad?† squeaked a boy younger than Harry, who was swinging off his father's arm. â€Å"Irish International Side's just put in an order for seven of these beauties!† the proprietor of the shop told the crowd. â€Å"And they're favorites for the World Cup!† A large witch in front of Harry moved, and he was able to read the sign next to the broom: ** THE FIREBOLT ** THIS STATE-OF-THE-ART RACING BROOM SPORTS A STREAM-LINED, SUPERFINE HANDLE OF ASH, TREATED WITH A DIAMOND-HARD POLISH AND HAND-NUMBERED WITH ITS OWN REGISTRATION NUMBER. EACH INDIVIDUALLY SELECTED BIRCH TWIG IN THE BROOMTAIL HAS BEEN HONED TO AERODYNAMIC PERFECTION, GIVING THE FIREBOLT UNSURPASSABLE BALANCE AND PINPOINT PRECISION. THE FIREBOLT HAS AN ACCELERATION OF 150 MILES AN HOUR IN TEN SECONDS AND INCORPORATES AN UNBREAKABLE BRAKING CHARM. PRICE ON REQUEST. Price on request†¦Harry didn't like to think how much gold the Firebolt would cost. He had never wanted anything as much in his whole life — but he had never lost a Quidditch match on his Nimbus Two Thousand, and what was the point in emptying his Gringotts vault for the Firebolt, when he had a very good broom already? Harry didn't ask for the price, but he returned, almost every day after that, just to look at the Firebolt. There were, however, things that Harry needed to buy. He went to the Apothecary to replenish his store of potions ingredients, and as his school robes were now several inches too short in the arm and leg, he visited Madam Malkin's Robes for All Occasions and bought new ones. Most important of all, he had to buy his new schoolbooks, which would include those for his two new subjects, Care of Magical Creatures and Divination. Harry got a surprise as he looked in at the bookshop window. Instead of the usual display of gold-embossed spellbooks the size of paving slabs, there was a large iron cage behind the glass that held about a hundred copies of The Monster Book of Monsters. Torn pages were flying everywhere as the books grappled with each other, locked together in furious wrestling matches and snapping aggressively. Harry pulled his booklist out of his pocket and consulted it for the first time. The Monster Book of Monsters was listed as the required book for Care of Magical Creatures. Now Harry understood why Hagrid had said it would come in useful. He felt relieved; he had been wondering whether Hagrid wanted help with some terrifying new pet. As Harry entered Flourish and Blotts, the manager came hurrying toward him. â€Å"Hogwarts?† he said abruptly. â€Å"Come to get your new books?† â€Å"Yes,† said Harry, â€Å"I need –â€Å" â€Å"Get out of the way,† said the manager impatiently, brushing Harry aside. He drew on a pair of very thick gloves, picked up a large, knobbly walking stick, and proceeded toward the door of the Monster Books' cage. â€Å"Hang on,† said Harry quickly, â€Å"I've already got one of those.† â€Å"Have you?† A look of enormous relief spread over the manager's face. â€Å"Thank heavens for that. I've been bitten five times already this morning –â€Å" A loud ripping noise rent the air; two of the Monster Books had seized a third and were pulling it apart. â€Å"Stop it! Stop it!† cried the manager, poking the walking stick through the bars and knocking the books apart. â€Å"I'm never stocking them again, never! It's been bedlam! I thought we'd seen the worst when we bought two hundred copies of the Invisible Book of Invisibility — cost a fortune, and we never found them†¦Well†¦is there anything else I can help you with?† â€Å"Yes,† said Harry, looking down his booklist, â€Å"I need Unfogging the Future by Cassandra Vablatsky.† â€Å"Ah, starting Divination, are you?† said the manager, stripping off his gloves and leading Harry into the back of the shop, where there was a corner devoted to fortune-telling. A small table was stacked with volumes such as Predicting the Unpredictable: Insulate Yourself Against Shocks and Broken Balls: When Fortunes Turn Foul. â€Å"Here you are,† said the manager, who had climbed a set of steps to take down a thick, black-bound book. â€Å"Unfogging the Future. Very good guide to all your basic fortune-telling methods — palmistry, crystal balls, bird entrails.† But Harry wasn't listening. His eyes had fallen on another book, which was among a display on a small table: Death Omens — What to Do When You Know the Worst Is Coming. â€Å"Oh, I wouldn't read that if I were you,† said the manager lightly, looking to see what Harry was staring at. â€Å"You'll start seeing death omens everywhere. It's enough to frighten anyone to death.† But Harry continued to stare at the front cover of the book; it showed a black dog large as a bear, with gleaming eyes. It looked oddly familiar†¦ The manager pressed Unfogging the Future into Harry's hands. â€Å"Anything else?† he said. â€Å"Yes,† said Harry, tearing his eyes away from the dog's and dazedly consulting his booklist. â€Å"Er — I need Intermediate Transfiguration and The Standard Book of Spells, Grade Three.† Harry emerged from Flourish and Blotts ten minutes later with his new books under his arms and made his way back to the Leaky Cauldron, hardly noticing where he was going and bumping into several people. He tramped up the stairs to his room, went inside, and tipped his books onto his bed. Somebody had been in to tidy; the windows were open and sun was pouring inside. Harry could hear the buses rolling by in the unseen Muggle street behind him and the sound of the invisible crowd below in Diagon Alley. He caught sight of himself in the mirror over the basin. â€Å"It can't have been a death omen,† he told his reflection defiantly. â€Å"I was panicking when I saw that thing in Magnolia Crescent†¦It was probably just a stray dog†¦.† He raised his hand automatically and tried to make his hair lie flat â€Å"You're fighting a losing battle there, dear,† said his mirror in a wheezy voice. As the days slipped by, Harry started looking wherever he went for a sign of Ron or Hermione. Plenty of Hogwarts students were arriving in Diagon Alley now, with the start of term so near. Harry met Seamus Finnigan and Dean Thomas, his fellow Gryffindors, in Quality Quidditch Supplies, where they too were ogling the Firebolt; he also ran into the real Neville Longbottom, a round-faced, forgetful boy, outside Flourish and Blotts. Harry didn't stop to chat; Neville appeared to have mislaid his booklist and was being told off by his very formidable-looking grandmother. Harry hoped she never found out that he'd pretended to be Neville while on the run from the Ministry of Magic. Harry woke on the last day of the holidays, thinking that he would at least meet Ron and Hermione tomorrow, on the Hogwarts Express. He got up, dressed, went for a last look at the Firebolt, and was just wondering where he'd have lunch, when someone yelled his name and he turned. â€Å"Harry! HARRY!† They were there, both of them, sitting outside Florean Fortescue's Ice Cream Parlor — Ron looking incredibly freckly, Hermione very brown, both waving frantically at him. â€Å"Finally!† said Ron, grinning at Harry as he sat down. â€Å"We went to the Leaky Cauldron, but they said you'd left, and we went to Flourish and Blotts, and Madam Malkin's, and –â€Å" â€Å"I got all my school stuff last week,† Harry explained. â€Å"And how come you knew I'm staying at the Leaky Cauldron?† â€Å"Dad,† said Ron simply. Mr. Weasley, who worked at the Ministry of Magic, would of course have heard the whole story of what had happened to Aunt Marge. â€Å"Did you really blow up your aunt, Harry?† said Hermione in a very serious voice. â€Å"I didn't mean to,† said Harry, while Ron roared with laughter. â€Å"I just — lost control.† â€Å"It's not funny, Ron,† said Hermione sharply. â€Å"Honestly, I'm amazed Harry wasn't expelled.† â€Å"So am I,† admitted Harry. â€Å"Forget expelled, I thought I was going to be arrested.† He looked at Ron. â€Å"Your dad doesn't know why Fudge let me off, does he?† â€Å"Probably 'cause it's you, isn't it?† shrugged Ron, still chuckling. â€Å"Famous Harry Potter and all that. I'd hate to see what the Ministry'd do to me if I blew up an aunt. Mind you, they'd have to dig me up first, because Mum would've killed me. Anyway, you can ask Dad yourself this evening. We're staying at the Leaky Cauldron tonight too! So you can come to King's Cross with us tomorrow! Hermione's there as well!† Hermione nodded, beaming. â€Å"Mum and Dad dropped me off this morning with all my Hogwarts things.† â€Å"Excellent!† said Harry happily. â€Å"So, have you got all your new books and stuff?† â€Å"Look at this,† said Ron, pulling a long thin box out of a bag and opening it. â€Å"Brand-new wand. Fourteen inches, willow, containing one unicorn tail-hair. And we've got all our books –† He pointed at a large bag under his chair. â€Å"What about those Monster Books, eh? The assistant nearly cried when we said we wanted two.† â€Å"What's all that, Hermione?† Harry asked, pointing at not one but three bulging bags in the chair next to her. â€Å"Well, I'm taking more new subjects than you, aren't I,† said Hermione. â€Å"Those are my books for Arithmancy, Care of Magical Creatures, Divination, the Study of Ancient Runes, Muggle Studies –â€Å" â€Å"What are you doing Muggle Studies for?† said Ron, rolling his eyes at Harry. â€Å"You're Muggle-born! Your mum and dad are Muggles! You already know all about Muggles!† â€Å"But it'll be fascinating to study them from the wizarding point of view,† said Hermione earnestly. â€Å"Are you planning to eat or sleep at all this year, Hermione?† asked Harry, while Ron sniggered. Hermione ignored them. â€Å"I've still got ten Galleons,† she said, checking her purse. â€Å"It's my birthday in September, and Mum and Dad gave me some money to get myself an early birthday present.† â€Å"How about a nice book? said Ron innocently. â€Å"No, I don't think so,† said Hermione composedly. â€Å"I really want an owl. I mean, Harry's got Hedwig and you've got Errol –â€Å" â€Å"I haven't,† said Ron. â€Å"Errol's a family owl. All I've got is Scabbers.† He pulled his pet rat out of his pocket. â€Å"And I want to get him checked over,† he added, placing Scabbers on the table in front of them. â€Å"I don't think Egypt agreed with him.† Scabbers was looking thinner than usual, and there was a definite droop to his whiskers. â€Å"There's a magical creature shop just over there,† said Harry, who knew Diagon Alley very well by now. â€Å"You could see if they've got anything for Scabbers, and Hermione can get her owl.† So they paid for their ice cream and crossed the street to the Magical Menagerie. There wasn't much room inside. Every inch of wall was hidden by cages. It was smelly and very noisy because the occupants of these cages were all squeaking, squawking, jabbering, or hissing. The witch behind the counter was already advising a wizard on the care of double-ended newts, so Harry, Ron, and Hermione waited, examining the cages. A pair of enormous purple toads sat gulping wetly and feasting on dead blowflies. A gigantic tortoise with a jewel-encrusted shell was glittering near the window. Poisonous orange snails were oozing slowly up the side of their glass tank, and a fat white rabbit kept changing into a silk top hat and back again with a loud popping noise. Then there were cats of every color, a noisy cage of ravens, a basket of funny custard-colored furballs that were humming loudly, and on the counter, a vast cage of sleek black rats that were playing some sort of skipping game using their long, bald tails. The double-ended newt wizard left, and Ron approached the counter. â€Å"It's my rat,† he told the witch. â€Å"He's been a bit off-color ever since I brought him back from Egypt.† â€Å"Bang him on the counter,† said the witch, pulling a pair of heavy black spectacles out of her pocket. Ron lifted Scabbers out of his inside pocket and placed him next to the cage of his fellow rats, who stopped their skipping tricks and scuffled to the wire for a better took. Like nearly everything Ron owned, Scabbers the rat was secondhand (he had once belonged to Ron's brother Percy) and a bit battered. Next to the glossy rats in the cage, he looked especially woebegone. â€Å"Hm,† said the witch, picking up Scabbers. â€Å"How old is this rat?† â€Å"Dunno,† said Ron. â€Å"Quite old. He used to belong to my brother.† â€Å"What powers does he have?† said the witch, examining Scabbers closely. â€Å"Er –† The truth was that Scabbers had never shown the faintest trace of interesting powers. The witch's eyes moved from Scabbers's tattered left ear to his front paw, which had a toe missing, and tutted loudly. â€Å"He's been through the mill, this one,† she said. â€Å"He was like that when Percy gave him to me,† said Ron defensively. â€Å"An ordinary common or garden rat like this can't be expected to live longer than three years or so,† said the witch. â€Å"Now, if you were looking for something a bit more hard-wearing, you might like one of these –â€Å" She indicated the black rats, who promptly started skipping again. Ron muttered, â€Å"Show-offs.† â€Å"Well, if you don't want a replacement, you can try this rat tonic,† said the witch, reaching under the counter and bringing out a small red bottle. â€Å"Okay,† said Ron. â€Å"How much — OUCH!† Ron buckled as something huge and orange came soaring from the top of the highest cage, landed on his head, and then propelled itself, spitting madly, at Scabbers. â€Å"NO, CROOKSHANKS, NO!† cried the witch, but Scabbers shot from between her hands like a bar of soap, landed splay-legged on the floor, and then scampered for the door. â€Å"Scabbers!† Ron shouted, racing out of the shop after him; Harry followed. It took them nearly ten minutes to catch Scabbers, who had taken refuge under a wastepaper bin outside Quality Quidditch Supplies. Ron stuffed the trembling rat back into his pocket and straightened up, massaging his head. â€Å"What was that?† â€Å"It was either a very big cat or quite a small tiger,† said Harry. â€Å"Where's Hermione?† â€Å"Probably getting her owl.† They made their way back up the crowded street to the Magical Menagerie. As they reached it, Hermione came out, but she wasn't carrying an owl. Her arms were clamped tightly around the enormous ginger cat. â€Å"You bought that monster?† said Ron, his mouth hanging open. â€Å"He's gorgeous, isn't he?† said Hermione, glowing. That was a matter of opinion, thought Harry. The cat's ginger fur was thick and fluffy, but it was definitely a bit bowlegged and its face looked grumpy and oddly squashed, as though it had run headlong into a brick wall. Now that Scabbers was out of sight, however, the cat was purring contentedly in Hermione's arms. â€Å"Hermione, that thing nearly scalped me!† said Ron. â€Å"He didn't mean to, did you, Crookshanks?† said Hermione. â€Å"And what about Scabbers?† said Ron, pointing at the lump in his chest pocket. â€Å"He needs rest and relaxation! How's he going to get it with that thing around?† â€Å"That reminds me, you forgot your rat tonic,† said Hermione, slapping the small red bottle into Ron's hand. â€Å"And stop worrying, Crookshanks will be sleeping in my dormitory and Scabbers in yours, what's the problem? Poor Crookshanks, that witch said he'd been in there for ages; no one wanted him.† â€Å"Wonder why,† said Ron sarcastically as they set off toward the Leaky Cauldron. They found Mr. Weasley sitting in the bar, reading the Daily Prophet. â€Å"Harry!† he said, smiling as he looked up. â€Å"How are you?† â€Å"Fine, thanks,† said Harry as he, Ron, and Hermione joined Mr. Weasley with their shopping. Mr. Weasley put down his paper, and Harry saw the now familiar picture of Sirius Black staring up at him. â€Å"They still haven't caught him, then?† he asked. â€Å"No,† said Mr. Weasley, looking extremely grave. â€Å"They've pulled us all off our regular jobs at the Ministry to try and find him, but no luck so far.† â€Å"Would we get a reward if we caught him?† asked Ron. â€Å"It'd be good to get some more money –â€Å" â€Å"Don't be ridiculous, Ron,† said Mr. Weasley, who on closer inspection looked very strained. â€Å"Black's not going to be caught by a thirteen-year-old wizard. It's the Azkaban guards who'll get him back, You mark my words.† At that moment Mrs. Weasley entered the bar, laden with shopping bags and followed by the twins, Fred and George, who were about to start their fifth year at Hogwarts; the newly elected Head Boy, Percy; and the Weasleys† youngest child and only girl, Ginny. Ginny, who had always been very taken with Harry, seemed even more heartily embarrassed than usual when she saw him, perhaps because he had saved her life during their previous year at Hogwarts. She went very red and muttered â€Å"hello† without looking at him. Percy, however, held out his hand solemnly as though he and Harry had never met and said, â€Å"Harry. How nice to see you.† â€Å"Hello, Percy,† said Harry, trying not to laugh. â€Å"I hope you're well?† said Percy pompously, shaking hands. It was rather like being introduced to the mayor. â€Å"Very well, thanks –â€Å" â€Å"Harry!† said Fred, elbowing Percy out of the way and bowing deeply. â€Å"Simply splendid to see you, old boy –â€Å" â€Å"Marvelous,† said George, pushing Fred aside and seizing Harry's hand in turn. â€Å"Absolutely spiffing.† Percy scowled. â€Å"That's enough, now,† said Mrs. Weasley. â€Å"Mum!† said Fred, as though he'd only just spotted her and seizing her hand, too. â€Å"How really corking to see you –â€Å" â€Å"I said, that's enough,† said Mrs. Weasley, depositing her shopping in an empty chair. â€Å"Hello, Harry, dear. I suppose you've heard our exciting news?† She pointed to the brand-new silver badge on Percy's chest. â€Å"Second Head Boy in the family!† she said, swelling with pride. â€Å"And last,† Fred muttered under his breath. I don't doubt that,† said Mrs. Weasley, frowning suddenly. â€Å"I notice they haven't made you two prefects.† â€Å"What do we want to be prefects for?† said George, looking revolted at the very idea. â€Å"It'd take all the fun out of life.† Ginny giggled. â€Å"You want to set a better example for your sister!† snapped Mrs. Weasley. â€Å"Gunny's got other brothers to set her an example, Mother,† said Percy loftily. â€Å"I'm going up to change for dinner†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He disappeared and George heaved a sigh. â€Å"We tried to shut him in a pyramid,† he told Harry. â€Å"But Mum spotted us.† ****** Dinner that night was a very enjoyable affair. Tom the innkeeper put three tables together in the parlor, and the seven Weasleys, Harry, and Hermione ate their way through five delicious courses. â€Å"How're we getting to King's Cross tomorrow, Dad?† asked Fred as they dug into a sumptuous chocolate pudding. â€Å"The Ministry's providing a couple of cars,† said Mr. Weasley. Everyone looked up at him. â€Å"Why?† said Percy curiously. â€Å"It's because of you, Perce,† said George seriously. â€Å"And there'll be little flags on the hoods, with HB on them–â€Å" â€Å"– for Humongous Bighead,† said Fred. Everyone except Percy and Mrs. Weasley snorted into their pudding. â€Å"Why are the Ministry providing cars, Father?† Percy asked again, in a dignified voice. â€Å"Well, as we haven't got one anymore,† said Mr. Weasley, â€Å"and as I work there, they're doing me a favor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His voice was casual, but Harry couldn't help noticing that Mr. Wesley's ears had gone red, just like Ron's did when he was under pressure. â€Å"Good thing, too,† said Mrs. Weasley briskly. â€Å"Do you realize how much luggage you've all got between you? A nice sight you'd be on the Muggle Underground†¦You are all packed, aren't you?† â€Å"Ron hasn't put all his new things in his trunk yet,† said Percy, in a long-suffering voice. â€Å"He's dumped them on my bed.† â€Å"You'd better go and pack properly, Ron, because we won't have much time in the morning,† Mrs. Weasley called down the table. Ron scowled at Percy. After dinner everyone felt very full and sleepy. One by one they made their way upstairs to their rooms to check their things for the next day. Ron and Percy were next door to Harry. He had just closed and locked his own trunk when he heard angry voices through the wall, and went to see what was going on. The door of number twelve was ajar and Percy was shouting. â€Å"It was here, on the bedside table, I took it off for polishing –â€Å" â€Å"I haven't touched it, all right?† Ron roared back. â€Å"What's up?† said Harry. â€Å"My Head Boy badge is gone,† said Percy, rounding on Harry. â€Å"So's Scabbers's Rat Tonic,† said Ron, throwing things out of his trunk to look. â€Å"I think I might've left it in the bar –â€Å" â€Å"You're not going anywhere till you've found my badge!† yelled Percy. â€Å"I'll get Scabbers's stuff, I'm packed,† Harry said to Ron, and he went downstairs. Harry was halfway along the passage to the bar, which was now very dark, when he heard another pair of angry voices coming from the parlor. A second later, he recognized them as Mr. and Mrs. Weasleys†. He hesitated, not wanting them to know he'd heard them arguing, when the sound of his own name made him stop, then move closer to the parlor door. â€Å"†¦makes no sense not to tell him,† Mr. Weasley was saying heatedly. â€Å"Harry's got a right to know. I've tried to tell Fudge, but he insists on treating Harry like a child. He's thirteen years old and –â€Å" â€Å"Arthur, the truth would terrify him!† said Mrs. Weasley shrilly. â€Å"Do you really want to send Harry back to school with that hanging over him? For heaven's sake, he's happy not knowing!† â€Å"I don't want to make him miserable, I want to put him on his guard!† retorted Mr. Weasley. â€Å"You know what Harry and Ron are like, wandering off by themselves — they've ended up in the Forbidden Forest twice! But Harry mustn't do that this year! When I think what could have happened to him that night he ran away from home! If the Knight Bus hadn't picked him up, I'm prepared to bet he would have been dead before the Ministry found him.† â€Å"But he's not dead, he's fine, so what's the point –â€Å" â€Å"Molly, they say Sirius Black's mad, and maybe he is, but he was clever enough to escape from Azkaban, and that's supposed to be impossible. It's been three weeks, and no one's seen hide nor hair of him, and I don't care what Fudge keeps telling the Daily Prophet, we're no nearer catching Black than inventing self-spelling wands. The only thing we know for sure is what Black's after –â€Å" â€Å"But Harry will be perfectly safe at Hogwarts.† â€Å"We thought Azkaban was perfectly safe. If Black can break out of Azkaban, he can break into Hogwarts.† â€Å"But no one's really sure that Black's after Harry –â€Å" There was a thud on wood, and Harry was sure Mr. Weasley had banged his fist on the table. â€Å"Molly, how many times do I have to tell you? They didn't report it in the press because Fudge wanted it kept quiet, but Fudge went out to Azkaban the night Black escaped. The guards told Fudge that Blacks been talking in his sleep for a while now. Always the same words: â€Å"He's at Hogwarts†¦he's at Hogwarts.† Black is deranged, Molly, and he wants Harry dead. If you ask me, he thinks murdering Harry will bring You-Know-Who back to power. Black lost everything the night Harry stopped You-Know-Who, and he's had twelve years alone in Azkaban to brood on that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  There was a silence. Harry leaned still closer to the door, desperate to hear more. â€Å"Well, Arthur, you must do what you think is right. But you're forgetting Albus Dumbledore. I don't think anything could hurt Harry at Hogwarts while Dumbledore's Headmaster. I suppose he knows about all this?† â€Å"Of course he knows. We had to ask him if he minds the Azkaban guards stationing themselves around the entrances to the school grounds. He wasn't happy about it, but he agreed.† â€Å"Not happy? Why shouldn't he be happy, if they're there to catch Black?† â€Å"Dumbledore isn't fond of the Azkaban guards,† said Mr. Weasley heavily. â€Å"Nor am I, if it comes to that†¦but when you're dealing with a wizard like Black, you sometimes have to join forces with those you'd rather avoid.† â€Å"If they save Harry –â€Å" â€Å"?C then I will never say another word against them, said Mr. Weasley wearily. â€Å"It's late, Molly, we'd better go up†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Harry heard chairs move. As quietly as he could, he hurried down the passage to the bar and out of sight. The parlor door opened, and a few seconds later footsteps told him that Mr. and Mrs. Weasley were climbing the stairs. The bottle of rat tonic was lying under the table they had sat at earlier. Harry waited until he heard Mr. and Mrs. Wesley's bedroom door close, then headed back upstairs with the bottle. Fred and George were crouching in the shadows on the landing, heaving with laughter as they listened to Percy dismantling his and Ron's room in search of his badge. â€Å"We've got it,† Fred whispered to Harry. â€Å"We've been improving it.† The badge now read Bighead Boy. Harry forced a laugh, went to give Ron the rat tonic, then shut himself in his room and lay down on his bed. So Sirius Black was after him. This explained everything. Fudge had been lenient with him because he was so relieved to find him alive. He'd made Harry promise to stay in Diagon Alley where there were plenty of wizards to keep an eye on him. And he was sending two Ministry cars to take them all to the station tomorrow, so that the Weasleys could look after Harry until he was on the train. Harry lay listening to the muffled shouting next door and wondered why he didn't feel more scared. Sirius Black had murdered thirteen people with one curse; Mr. and Mrs., Weasley obviously thought Harry would be panic-stricken if he knew the truth. But Harry happened to agree wholeheartedly with Mrs. Weasley that the safest place on earth was wherever Albus Dumbledore happened to be. Didn't people always say that Dumbledore was the only person Lord Voldemort had ever been afraid of? Surely Black, as Voldemort's right-hand man, would be just as frightened of him? And then there were these Azkaban guards everyone kept talking about. They seemed to scare most people senseless, and if they were stationed all around the school, Black's chances of getting inside seemed very remote. No, all in all, the thing that bothered Harry most was the fact that his chances of visiting Hogsmeade now looked like zero. Nobody would want Harry to leave the safety of the castle until Black was caught; in fact, Harry suspected his every move would be carefully watched until the danger had passed. He scowled at the dark ceiling. Did they think he couldn't look after himself? He'd escaped Lord Voldemort three times; he wasn't completely useless†¦. Unbidden, the image of the beast in the shadows of Magnolia Crescent crossed his mind. What to do when you know the worst is coming†¦ â€Å"I'm not going to be murdered,† Harry said out loud. â€Å"That's the spirit, dear,† said his mirror sleepily.